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Split Old Town is the historic core of Split, Croatia, built directly into the remains of Diocletian’s Palace, a Roman retirement residence constructed between 295 and 305 AD.
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Split Old Town is the historic core of Split, Croatia, built directly into the remains of Diocletian’s Palace, a Roman retirement residence constructed between 295 and 305 AD. Unlike a fenced archaeological park, this is a working neighborhood where apartments, cafés, shops, and churches occupy Roman walls and courtyards. People come to see how a city has grown inside a palace rather than around it. The most distinctive thing here is that the city itself is the monument: you walk Roman streets that have been continuously inhabited for more than 1,700 years, with everyday life unfolding inside the original imperial layout.
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Emperor Diocletian, born near Salona, ordered the palace as a fortified seaside retirement complex, combining a luxury villa with the layout of a Roman military camp. Built between 295 and 305 AD, the rectangular complex measured about 215 by 180 meters and was protected by towers and four main gates: Golden, Silver, Iron, and Bronze. After the fall of Salona in the 7th century, refugees moved within the palace walls, converting imperial halls into homes, workshops, and churches. Diocletian’s mausoleum was transformed into the Cathedral of Saint Domnius, now considered one of the oldest cathedral structures in continuous use in Europe. Over centuries, Roman foundations were layered with medieval, Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque additions. Because of this continuous adaptation and preservation, the historic core of Split was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1979.
